Fear of Missing Out and Experiential Avoidance in the Virtualization of Everyday Life: A Scoping Review

Abstract

With the incorporation of technologies into the social fabric, changes in people’s behaviors and lifestyles have been observed. Social networks have become widespread forces, a context in which Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) has emerged, a fear of missing out on a particu­lar event. Given this problem, it is worth reflecting on digital relationships. A Scoping Review was conducted using the SciELO, MEDLINE and LILACS databases and a final sample of ten studies was obtained. The aim was to investigate FOMO from the perspective of Behavioral Psychology, with a focus on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. The aim was also to dis­cuss sociocultural aspects of the phenomenon and determine its relationship with self-esteem and dependence. A collectivist culture contributes to higher levels of FOMO and facilitates problematic use. Higher levels of FOMO arise with lower levels of self-esteem, and both self-esteem and FOMO showed a significant influence on time spent online. It was identified that virtual behavior is maintained by both positive and negative reinforcement, which would explain ambivalent use. FOMO expresses itself as cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance and incurs the loss of a meaningful life. Finally, this study reflected on the need for a more conscious use of technology.